縫紉(ren)就是把(ba)衣(yi)片(pian)縫合成服裝的工藝(yi)。可分(fen)為(wei)手縫工藝(yi)、機縫工藝(yi)、特殊工藝(yi)等。

　　手縫工藝

　　采用(yong)(yong)手(shou)針(zhen)進行縫制的(de)工(gong)藝(yi)。是中(zhong)國的(de)傳統手(shou)工(gong)技藝(yi)。很(hen)多針(zhen)法(fa)及其作用(yong)(yong)尚不(bu)能用(yong)(yong)現代(dai)(dai)縫紉機替代(dai)(dai)。具(ju)有線跡精細(xi)、平整，針(zhen)法(fa)豐富等(deng)特(te)點，被譽為(wei)高檔工(gong)藝(yi)。　手(shou)縫工(gong)藝(yi)的(de)主要工(gong)具(ju)是手(shou)縫針(zhen)和頂針(zhen)箍(gu)。絲綢等(deng)纖維較細(xi)的(de)織(zhi)物宜用(yong)(yong)7～9號(hao)(hao)針(zhen);鎖眼(yan)釘(ding)紐(niu)宜用(yong)(yong)4～5號(hao)(hao)針(zhen)，一(yi)般毛料則用(yong)(yong)粗(cu)細(xi)適中(zhong)的(de)6～8號(hao)(hao)針(zhen)。

　　機縫工藝

　　采用(yong)(yong)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)紉(ren)機進行縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)制的(de)(de)工藝。具有(you)(you)針跡(ji)整齊、工效高等(deng)(deng)(deng)優點。常(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)機縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)工藝有(you)(you)以(yi)下(xia)(xia)幾種(zhong)。①合(he)(he)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(含兜縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng));將衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)組(zu)合(he)(he)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)緝(ji)(ji)(ji)。用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)暗縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)組(zu)合(he)(he)或袋蓋、衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)領、袖頭等(deng)(deng)(deng)三邊(bian)(bian)(bian)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)合(he)(he)的(de)(de)翻轉部(bu)件(jian)。②包(bao)(bao)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)：以(yi)一(yi)層衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)包(bao)(bao)住另一(yi)層衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)緝(ji)(ji)(ji)，再作第(di)二或第(di)三次(ci)(ci)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)緝(ji)(ji)(ji)。有(you)(you)明包(bao)(bao)，暗包(bao)(bao)之別。一(yi)般用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)布(bu)服裝(zhuang)不鎖(suo)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)。③咬縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)：由(you)上下(xia)(xia)層衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)咬住中(zhong)間一(yi)層衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)，正(zheng)(zheng)面緝(ji)(ji)(ji)明線(xian)(xian)。用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)裝(zhuang)袖頭、腰頭等(deng)(deng)(deng)。④騎縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)：兩(liang)(liang)(liang)塊(kuai)織(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)銜接(jie)(jie)(不疊(die)起)，在(zai)(zai)銜接(jie)(jie)處緝(ji)(ji)(ji)W狀(zhuang)線(xian)(xian)跡(ji)，使兩(liang)(liang)(liang)塊(kuai)布(bu)互相牽(qian)牢。一(yi)般用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)高檔服裝(zhuang)的(de)(de)襯布(bu)拼接(jie)(jie)和收顙。⑤平(ping)接(jie)(jie)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)：兩(liang)(liang)(liang)塊(kuai)織(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)拼接(jie)(jie)，互為銜接(jie)(jie)補充(chong)。用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)接(jie)(jie)長衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)部(bu)件(jian)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。⑥平(ping)疊(die)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)：兩(liang)(liang)(liang)塊(kuai)織(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)重(zhong)疊(die)，居中(zhong)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)緝(ji)(ji)(ji)。用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)襯布(bu)拼接(jie)(jie)和收顙等(deng)(deng)(deng)。⑦來去(qu)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)：將兩(liang)(liang)(liang)塊(kuai)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)疊(die)合(he)(he)，先沿毛口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)正(zheng)(zheng)面緝(ji)(ji)(ji)狹(xia)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(3cm)再在(zai)(zai)反面緝(ji)(ji)(ji)闊縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(約7cm)。多(duo)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)單(dan)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)合(he)(he)。⑧分(fen)緝(ji)(ji)(ji)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)：兩(liang)(liang)(liang)層衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)疊(die)合(he)(he)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)緝(ji)(ji)(ji)，縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)分(fen)開(kai)，兩(liang)(liang)(liang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)各緝(ji)(ji)(ji)一(yi)道明線(xian)(xian)。常(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)不易(yi)折轉的(de)(de)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)料(如皮革)或線(xian)(xian)跡(ji)裝(zhuang)飾等(deng)(deng)(deng)。⑨坐(zuo)緝(ji)(ji)(ji)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)：兩(liang)(liang)(liang)塊(kuai)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)合(he)(he)，縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)傾(qing)倒，正(zheng)(zheng)面作第(di)二次(ci)(ci)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)緝(ji)(ji)(ji)。常(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)作固(gu)定縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)或線(xian)(xian)跡(ji)裝(zhuang)飾。⑩分(fen)坐(zuo)緝(ji)(ji)(ji)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)：兩(liang)(liang)(liang)塊(kuai)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)先合(he)(he)緝(ji)(ji)(ji)，將緝(ji)(ji)(ji)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)傾(qing)倒縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)分(fen)開(kai)，在(zai)(zai)分(fen)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)上緝(ji)(ji)(ji)一(yi)道明線(xian)(xian)。服裝(zhuang)加工中(zhong)多(duo)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)布(bu)服裝(zhuang)的(de)(de)前(qian)袖縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、褲襠縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、后縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。壓(ya)緝(ji)(ji)(ji)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(悶緝(ji)(ji)(ji)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng))：上層衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)折光，覆蓋下(xia)(xia)層衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)，一(yi)次(ci)(ci)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)緝(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)。多(duo)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)前(qian)后過肩或呈圓弧型(xing)(xing)、尖(jian)角型(xing)(xing)等(deng)(deng)(deng)部(bu)件(jian)的(de)(de)裝(zhuang)接(jie)(jie)。漏(lou)落縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)：明緝(ji)(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)漏(lou)落于(yu)(yu)(yu)分(fen)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)槽內或緊挨坐(zuo)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)沿，既能使線(xian)(xian)跡(ji)暗藏，又能固(gu)定下(xia)(xia)層衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)。常(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)裝(zhuang)腰頭、里襟(jin)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。卷邊(bian)(bian)(bian)：用(yong)(yong)卷邊(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)腳或用(yong)(yong)手指將衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)毛口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)卷光。常(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)單(dan)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)或衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)里的(de)(de)下(xia)(xia)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)。倒回針：在(zai)(zai)原(yuan)線(xian)(xian)跡(ji)上往(wang)返縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)緝(ji)(ji)(ji)。用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)緝(ji)(ji)(ji)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)始末(mo)加固(gu)，裝(zhuang)封(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)，叉(cha)封(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)，裝(zhuang)帶襻等(deng)(deng)(deng)。

　　現代(dai)服裝加工的主要機(ji)(ji)縫(feng)(feng)設(she)備，除(chu)高速平縫(feng)(feng)縫(feng)(feng)紉機(ji)(ji)(簡稱平縫(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji))外，還有(you)多針(zhen)多線包縫(feng)(feng)縫(feng)(feng)紉機(ji)(ji)(簡稱包縫(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji))以及取代(dai)手工的開袋、鎖眼、釘扣、扎駁、復襯(chen)(衣面與(yu)衣襯(chen)組合)、裝袖、裝褲腰、打褶等(deng)各種專用(yong)單機(ji)(ji)，并有(you)多功能自(zi)動(dong)(dong)調速固(gu)體電路電子縫(feng)(feng)紉機(ji)(ji)問世(shi)。20世(shi)紀(ji)80年代(dai)，較先進的機(ji)(ji)縫(feng)(feng)設(she)備是(shi)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)縫(feng)(feng)紉系統，采用(yong)工業攝像機(ji)(ji)和電子計算機(ji)(ji)監控，能自(zi)動(dong)(dong)識別裁片(pian)的樣式，傳(chuan)送并進行自(zi)動(dong)(dong)分類控制(zhi)。